In the optimization of mining methods, using either subjective or objective evaluation methods alone has limitations, and while combined subjective and objective evaluation methods can mitigate these drawbacks, they may face the issue of uneven weight distribution. To address this problem, an improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-CRITIC multi-attribute combined weighting model was established, using game theory to integrate subjective and objective weights. Taking the mining method optimization in the Sijiaying mining area as an example, comprehensive evaluation and optimization were conducted for two alternative mining methods. Under the criteria of environment, economy, technology, and safety, 11 indicators closely related to mining methods were selected, and their combined weights were determined based on the game theory-subjective and objective multi-attribute combined weighting model. The study shows that, considering both subjective and objective weights through the application of game theory, the sublevel open stoping method with delayed filling has a higher comprehensive membership degree (0.711) compared to the block caving method with delayed filling, and thus it was selected as the optimal scheme. The game theory-based combined subjective and objective evaluation and optimization model provides a valuable reference for decision-making in mining method selection.